pH Value of Different Substances

In pH value p stands for power and H stands for Hydrogen.The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic.Lots of exams ask questions regarding to ph values of substance.There are some ph values of Substance.

ph value of Milk                        6.5 – 6.7

Math Numbers

In mathematics there are different type of numbers.In this post we prove a short view regarding to the type of numbers in maths.all the exams contains the aptitude section and without knowing the numbers system of math it is little tough to give answer correctly. Different type of number system are as follows:

1). 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. are called Digits.

2). 10, 11, 12,----- are called Number.

3). Natural number (N) :- Counting numbers are called natural numbers.

Example:- 1, 2, 3,---etc. are all natural numbers. minimum natural number 1 and maximum natural number ∞

4). Whole numbers (W) :- All counting numbers together with zero from the set of whole numbers
Example:- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ------ are whole number.

5). Integers (Z) :- All counting numbers, 0 and -ve of counting numbers are called integers.
Example:- -∞---------, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, -------∞

6). Rational Numbers (Q) :- A Rational Number is a real number that can be written as a simple fraction
Example:- {p/q/p,q∈Z}

7). Irrational Numbers :- An Irrational Number is a real number that cannot be written as a simple fraction.
Example:- √

8). Even numbers :- A number divisible by 2 is called an even number.
Example:- 0, 2, 4, 6, - - - - - - - - -

9). Odd numbers :- A number not divisible by 2 is called an odd number.
Example:- 1, 3, 5, 7, - - - - - -

10). Composite Numbers :- Numbers greater than 1 which are not prime, are called composite numbers.
Example:- 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, - - - -. 6 -> 1,2,3,6.

11). Prime Numbers:- A number greater than 1 having exactly two factors, namely 1 and itself is called a prime number.
Example:- Upto 100 prime numbers are:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97

12). Co-prime Numbers:- Two natural numbers a and b are said to be co-prime if their HCF is 1.
Example:- (21, 44), (4, 9), (2, 3), - - - - -

13). Twin prime numbers :- A pair of prime numbers (as 3 and 5 or 11 and 13) differing by two are called twin prime number.
Example:- The twin pair primes between 1 and 100 are
(3, 5), (5, 7), (11, 13), (17, 19), (29, 31), (41, 43), (59, 61), (71, 73).

Interesting Animal World

Interesting Animal World

Biggest Eyes Bird: Ostriches

Biggest Bird: North African ostrich

Deadliest Animal: Female Anopheles mosquitoes, which carry malaria, kill more than a million people each year.

Fastest animal on Land: Cheetahs can run between 112 and 120 km/hr (70 and 75 mph)

Fastest animal in Water: Sailfish can swim up to 68 miles per hour.

Fastest animal in Air: Peregrine falcons, they can fly 70 miles/hour and dive toward the earth at more than 200 miles per hour.

Fastest Bird in Land: Ostriches is the fastest bird on land, running up to 40 miles per hour

Fastest Swimming Bird: Gentoo Penguin can swim 40 km per hour

Fastest Mammal in water: Dall Porpoises can swim up to 35 miles per hour.Gibbon

Heaviest Flying Bird: The Dalmatian Pelican

Heaviest cephalopod: Colossal squid

Highest jumper: Kangaroo, can jump up to 10ft

Longest arms: The Gibbon

Longest Gestation: Asian elephants are born after a gestation period of 19 to 22 months.

Longest Lifespan: Tortoise, more than 150 years

Loudest Animal: Blue whales' low-frequency pulses are as loud as 188 decibels

Loudest Animal in Land: Howler monkeys, whose howl can be heard 4.8km away.

Longest Migration: Arctic Terns migrate between Greenland and Antarctica each year travelling about 71,000 kilometers.Snow Leopard

Longest jumper: Snow Leopard, can jump up to 15m

Largest Animal: Blue whales are the largest animals of all time.

Largest Animal in land: African elephants are the heaviest and second tallest land animals.

Largest Invertebrate: Colossal Squid, reaching lengths of 10m, are the largest invertebrates.

Largest Carnivores: The Southern elephant seal.

Largest Reptile: The Saltwater Crocodile. An adult male saltwater crocodile’s weight is 409 to 1,000 kilograms (900–2,200 lb) and length is normally 4.1 to 5.5 meters (13–18 ft).

Largest Snake: The Green Anaconda

Most Venomous Animal: A single box jellyfish has enough venom to kill 60 adult humans

Smallest Mammal: Adult bumblebee bats, which live in Thailand, weigh about two grams.

Smallest Bird: Male bee hummingbirds weigh 0.056 ounces and are 2.75 Giraffe inches in length.

Strongest Animal: The rhinoceros beetle can lift 850 times its own weight.

Tallest Land Animal: Giraffe. It stands 5–6 m (16–20 ft) tall

General knowledge related to Geography

Ecosystem: It is a system formed by the interaction of all living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical actors of the environment in which they live, all linked by transfer of energy and material. Large rain forest, grassland, desert, mountains, lake, river, ocean and even a small pond are examples of ecosystem.


natural environment: All living and non-living things which exist together naturally form natural environment. It refers to both biotic and abiotic conditions exist on the earth. Land, water, air, plants and animals comprise the natural environment.

major components of the environment : Following are the major components of the environment:1. Natural components: Land, Water, Air, biosphere.2. Man made components: Bridge, buildings, roads, monuments etc.3. Activities and interactions of human beings: social, family, political, economic activities etc.

• Bridge, buildings, roads, monuments, hospitals are four examples of human made environment.

lithosphere: Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil. Is irregular surface forms various landforms like mountains, valleys, plains etc.

• Plants and animals are the two major components of biotic environment.

biosphere: Plant and animal kingdom together make biosphere or the living world. It is a narrow zone of the earth where land, water and air interact with each other to support life.


Man modifies his environment : Environment is our basic life support system. To fulfill his needs, man builds homes, factories and modifies the environment and its mineral wealth. For food, shelter and agriculture, he cuts forests and utilize land and water.


Plants and animals depend on each other: Plants and animals are also interdependent on each other. Plants consume carbon dioxide and give oxygen to air and prepare food, thus are producers. Animals consume plants and plant products. They also absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide for plants. The dead and decaying animals act as nutrition to plants. Forests are the natural habitat for wild life.

• Humidity is a measure of the moisture in air. Hygrometer is used to measure humidity.

Weather: The day-to-day condition of the atmosphere at a place with respect to the temperature, humidity, rainfall, windspeed, etc., is called the weather at that place.

• Rain gauge used to measure rainfall.

Climate: The average weather pattern taken over a long time, say 25 years, is called the climate of the place.

adaptation: The tendency of an animal (organism) to develop special features which improve the chances of its survival in the surroundings where it lives is called adaptation.e.g. the thick coat of fur of polar bear is its adaptation to survive in polar/cold region.

tropical rainforest in India: Tropical rainforests are found in Western Ghats (Kerela, Karnataka, Nilgiri Hills, Maharashtra etc.) and Assam in India,


elephant living in the tropical rainforest adapt itself: An elephant has adapted to rainforest climatic conditions in the following ways:1. It long trunk which acts as nose has a strong sense of smell.2. It also uses its trunk to pick up food.3. Its tusks are modified teeth which can tear the bark of trees for food.4. Large ears of the elephant help it to hear even very soft sounds.5. Large ears also help the elephant to keep cool in the hot and humid climate of the rainforest.

camouflage: Many tropical animals can blend their skin colour with the surroundings. This feature is called camouflage. It protects them from predators. It also helps wild cats (e.g. lions and tigers) to catch their prey.

Some Facts related to Indian Currency:

1.    The first coins were minted (made) around 2500 years ago

2.     Paper money was first used in China over 1000 years ago.
3.    The first “rupee” was first introduced by Sher Shah Suri. It was based on a ratio of 40 copper pieces (paisa) per rupee.
4.    Udaya K Dharmalingam is the designer of the Indian rupee Symbol, which was adopted by the Government of India in 2010.

5.     From 1953, Hindi was displayed prominently on the new notes.
6.    The Government of India took over the issue of bank notes in 1861 from the Private and Presidency Banks.
7.     The first series of coins with the Indian rupee symbol was launched on 8 July, 2011.
8.     The first 1000 Rs Note was introduced in 2000.
9.     The first 20 Rs and 5 Rs note was introduced in 2001.
10.   Decimalization started in 1957 and the rupee was divided into 100 Naye Paise.
11.   Total 15 Languages (Apart from English) are printed in Indian Rupee Note. They are Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Panjabi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu.
12.  In India, the first paper bank note was published by Bank of Hindustan in 1770.
13.   The current Mahatma Gandhi series of bank notes stared from 1996 with new series of 10Rs notes.

14.  Indian coins are produced in 4 cities: Noida, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Kolkata. The coins produce from each city puts an identification mark under the year of issue. Coins produced in Noida have a dot mark, Mumbai have diamond mark, Hyderabad have star mark and coin produce from Kolkata have nothing beneath the year.